Female guards in Nazi concentration camps
Aufseherin [ˈaʊ̯fˌzeːəʁɪn] was the position title for female guards in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust. Of the 55,000 guards who served in Nazi concentration camps, about 3,700 were women. In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitzand Majdanek from Ravensbrück. The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a shortage of male guards.
The German title for this position,
Aufseherin means (female) overseer or attendant.
Later female guards were dispersed to Bolzano
(1944–1945), Kaiserwald-Riga (1943–44), Mauthausen (March – May
1945), Stutthof (1942–
1945), Vaivara[1] (1943–1944), Vught (1943–1944), and at other Nazi concentration camps, subcamps, work camps, detention camps, etc.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
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Recruitment
Supervision levels and ranks
Daily life
Camps, names and ranks
Later events
Notes
See also
References
External links
Elisabeth Lupka
Elisabeth Lupka (27 October 1902 – 8 January 1949) was a Nazi female guard at two camps during World War II.
Lupka was born in Klein-Damner, Germany (present-day Dąbrówka Mała, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). She got married in 1934, had no children and soon divorced.[1] In 1937 she went to Berlin to work in an aircraft factory.[2]
In 1942 she left her menial job as a laborer and came to Ravensbrück to undergo training as a camp guard. Lupka graduated and later became an Aufseherinover several work details. In March 1943, she was assigned to the German Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in Poland as an Aufseherin then as a Blockführerin(Block Overseer), where she physically beat many prisoners with a whip and selected many others for the gas chambers.[2] She stayed in the camp until its last evacuations in early January 1945 and accompanied a death march to Loslau. She returned to Ravensbrück later that same month.[1][3]
On 6 June 1945, Lupka was arrested by Allied troops and sent to an internment camp. Two years later, on 6 July 1948, after a long investigation, she appeared at a Kraków court for war crimes, mainly the maltreatment of prisoners and her involvement in selections of inmates to the gas chambers. She was found guilty, and executed by short-drop hanging, on 8 January 1949, in Montelupich prison in Kraków. She was 46 years old. Her corpse was later sent to Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland for use by medical students.[2]
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